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on May 25, 2020

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Do you know magic tricks to find hybridization

Magic tricks to find Hybridization Understand the following formula (X) X= ( number of valence electron on central atom+ negative charge -positive charge +no of monovalent atom) Note: The number of monovalent atom mean, having one valency belong to group 1 and 17 ( H, F, Cl, Br) +and–sign on ion will not be counted but values of charge will counted, Such as in CO 3 2- , we will consider value 2 but sign( –) will not be counted. Different X values with different hybridization are shown below (table 1) Table.1 Different X values with different hybridization Example: 1. NH 3 X= ½ (5+ 0 – 0 + 3) = 4 Sp 3 2. CO 3 2- X= ½ (4+ 2– 0 + 0) = 3 Sp 2 3. NH 4 1+ X= ½ (5+ 0– 1 + 4) = 4 Sp 3 4. XeO 2 F 2 X= ½ (8+ 0– 0 + 2) = 5 Sp 3 d Fig.1 Hybridization of ammonia and carbonate Note: This works in at least 98% o

Why is the atom overall electrically neutral although it has negative charged electron and positive charge proton?

Atom is an neutral partical: The electron has (-) charge and proton has (+) charge in an atom. The atom has an equal number of electrons and protons, it has an equal number of negative electric charges and positive electric charges. Therefore, the total charge on atom is zero and the atom is called as neutral. E.g: Na is a neutral partical. Note: In case of charge species, atom can never be a neutral partical, e.g Na +1 is not a neutral partical.

How you will decide that given chemical compound has Hydrogen bonding or not

Tip number 1 : If chemical compound has at least 1 element among 3 element (N, O, F) Tip number 2 : Among 3 element (N, O, F) at least one element directly attach with H atom Decision for Hydrogen bonding : If you find both tip 1 and 2 then given compound will must have H-bonding, if you do not find tip 1 and tip 2 then there will no H- bonding. Example : H 2 O, HF, C 2 H 5 OH, NH 3, C 5 H 5 N, C 6 H 12 O 6 Note : CF 3 does not have H-bonding , because the F atom in this compound is not directly attached with H atom

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